In 1910, most of the worlds population

a. we’re feudal subjects of a local chief or lord
b. participated in the governance of micro states
c. voted in elections governing a multination state
d. belonged to an independent nation state
e. what is under the control of an empire

Suppose that sociologists and cultural anthropologists are tying to measure the amount of child abuse for cross cultural comparison. they run into disagreement over whether spanking a child is abuse or discipline. what problem are they encountering in their research? a. reliability of the definition of abuse. b. validity of the definition of abuse. c. occam's razor about the definition of abuse. d. none of these.