"in any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action. we have gone through all these steps in birmingham. there can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community. birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the united states. its ugly record of brutality is widely known."

martin luther king, april 16, 1963

according to king,

a) there is no hope for the city of birmingham.

b) evidence points to many injustices in birmingham.

c) a nonviolent campaign usually ends up in brutality.

d) birmingham unites blacks and whites more than any other us city.

Ascientist successfully predicts the outcome of an experiment. you watch carefully and know he didn't cheat. the scientist's success shows that: a) the scientist knows absolute truth about this experiment; success is not possible unless you know the truthb) the scientist was just lucky; no one ever knows what's going on, so successful predictions require luckc) the scientist may know the truth, or at least know something that is close to the truth, or the scientist may have gotten lucky this time; you can't be absolutely sured) the scientist really was cheating, even though you didn't see the cheating; no one can get things right, except by cheatinge) the scientist spent the night at a particular hotel chain and go a free breakfast, giving the scientist the ability to do amazing things