Which of following is true of the problems regarding the cross-cultural application of personality assessment techniques?

a. responding to questions in a true-false format or multiple-choice format, which is natural to american college students, may be an awkward or alien way of answering in other cultures.
b. the tat cannot be used effectively in nordic cultures because of the nordic prohibitions against representing humans in pictorial form.
c. due to the ongoing ethnic tensions in the arab world, there has been a steady decline in the number of personality tests, developed in america, being successfully translated into arabic.
d. people of european origin may reflect mistrust or interpersonal wariness due to pervasive discrimination and perceived racism.

According to Lanyon, R. I., & Goodstein, L. D. (1997). Personality assessment. John Wiley & Sons, based on their arguments the correct answer would be: a) responding to questions in a true-false format or multiple choice format, which is natural to American college students, may be an awkward or alien way of answering in other cultures.

Nevertheless, also Costantino, G., & Malgady, R. G. (1983). Verbal fluency of Hispanic, Black and White children on TAT and TEMAS, a new thematic apperception test. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 5(2), 199-206 found that the responses provided to tests like TAT and TEMAS, is not homogeneous among different cultures, such as Hispanic, African American, etc. though not particularly Nordic one and not because of the representation of their bodies but for the meaning of the images in their own cultures, therefore B is incorrect. C and D have no scholar basis.

answer; /// i believe the correct answer is (b) disposition

disorders of the brain include both behavior disorders and other psychiatric illnesses. the primary difference between a behavior disorder and another type of psychiatric disorder is the presence of choice. psychiatric conditions are considered to be involuntary while in behavior disorders, choices are essential.