Why did commercial activities trade shift from focusing on mediterranean sea to the atlantic ocean in the 16th century ?

The population of Europe was growing again, after the ravage of the Black Death, and with the concentration of money derived from the reduction of the population, they were becoming more ambitious with explorations and ventures into the Atlantic sea. Sugar was also an important part, as it was a valuable good in the European market.

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the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.