1. cause/effect 2. inductive reasoning 3. inferences 4. comparison/contrast 5. illustration/example 6. deductive reasoning 7. process analysis 8. classification/division 9. extended definition 10. post hocstructure used in history and science explaining reasons for certain events or phenomena a. tells what something is; useful in all subjects b. useful in botany, biology, and anatomy classes c. useful to describe how to refinish furniture d. often uses such words as similar, on the contrary e. using a story to make a point f. reasoning from several particular examples to establish a general principle g. drawing a particular conclusion from general premises h. fallacy in logic that assumes a cause and effect relationship because of sequence i. drawing conclusions from implied information