If a researcher determines that his/her study poses no more than minimal risk as defined in 45 cfr 46, there is no need for the protocol to have irb review and approval.

False.  A good researcher would leave no stone unturned.  He or she must make sure there are no errors.  The slightest error would lead to ruin a difficult research project. Better to err on the side of caution to ensure that no mistakes are made.

answer; eliminate parking problems in cities, because a car took up only half as much space as a horse and buggy;

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