Neither congress nor the states can pass a(n) that inflicts punishment without a court trial.

The correct answer for the question that is being presented above is this one: "f) indictment." Neither Congress nor the States can pass an indictment that inflicts punishment without a court trial.
Here are the following choices:
a) police power
b) probable cause
c) bill of attainder
d) double jeopardy
e) miranda rule
f) indictment