Agoal has which means that it can be positive or negative. a. valance b. negative reinforcement c. expectancy orientation d. positive reinforcement e. productivity orientation

Valance is the answer!

all you have to do is look at the pictures to find hope this is the lesson you were also hope this .

if you have to make a general question and respond to your thoughts, then this isn't really a question someone can you on. read the passage, form your question, and answer using your thoughts. no one else can understand how you interpreted this text if you don't tell us.