Sons are encouraged to engage in behavior, whereas daughters are encouraged to engage in behavior.

The correct answer is A) instrumental; expressive.

Sons are encouraged to engage in instrumental behavior, whereas daughters are encouraged to engage in expressive behavior.

The other options of the question were b) expressive; instrumental, c) inappropriate; appropriate, and d) appropriate; inappropriate.

Expressive behavior is verbal behavior, very expressive. Like women behavior that likes to talk, express their feelings, problems, emotions, and happiness. On the opposite, the instrumental behavior is aimed to reach something, to reach a goal, a solution, to achieve something. That is why is correct the idea that sons are encouraged to engage in instrumental behavior, whereas daughters are encouraged to engage in expressive behavior.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.