Theory argues that we tend to minimize personal responsibility for what we do poorly.

The answer is: Self-serving bias

Self-serving bias is a psychological defense mechanism that people automatically adopt when we are trying to maintain our self-esteem. The effort to maintain this self esteem is why we tend to minimize personal responsibility if we do poorly.

For example, let's say that Bill fail his math class. Rather than acknowledging that bill did not put enough effort in the study, he would tell himself that the math class would no give any benefit to him.

the answer is:

c. economic output

the period of human evolution has coincided with environmental change, including ('hominin' refers to any bipedal species closely related to humans – that is, on how do we know earth's climate has changed? a map showing dates and locations of prehistoric archeological sites and migration routes from africa into.