There are nine fundamental biases that impact how people process information when making decisions. these include: (1) availability, (2) representativeness, (3) confirmation, (4) sunk cost, (5) anchoring and adjustment, (6) overconfidence, (7) hindsight, (8) framing, and (9) escalation of commitment biases.

(1) availability, (2) representativeness, (3) confirmation, (4) sunk cost, (5) anchoring and adjustment, (6) overconfidence, (7) hindsight, (8) framing, and (9) escalation of commitment biases.

Explanation of all above nine fundamentalThe availability describes a decision maker's aim to support decisions on the knowledge that is quickly accessible in memory. Information is more available in memory when it includes an event that freshly happened when it is notable. For example, a plane crash.The Representative bias is practiced when people predict the possibility of an affair happening. For example, an individual may accept that he or she can learn a new software package in a small period of time because a various type of software was easy to learn. This judgment may or may not be right. The confirmation preference has two elements. The first is to subconsciously decide something before examining why it is the correct choice. For example, A decision to purchase a particular brand of shoes.The anchoring happens when choice makers are inspired by the first news received about a judgment, even if it is unnecessary. The overconfidence associates to our aim to be over-confident about views or predictions. This inclination is especially strong when you are asked reasonably to remarkably tough questions rather than light ones. The hindsight transpires when knowledge of a consequence affects our faith about the possibility that we could have divined the consequence first. We are influenced by this preference when we see back on a judgment and try to rebuild why we chose to do something.This bias describes the way in which a question is postured. Research explains that maximum people preferred Program although the two plans give the same returns. The escalation of engagement preference points to the drift to hold to an inefficient way of doing when it is doubtful that the bad circumstances can be turned. Particular examples, advancing more money into an old or defective car or placing more energy into developing a personal connection that is loaded with a dispute.

The answer for this question is c