Agroup of provinces or states that come together under a common constitution. they differ from a federation in that they retain specific state or provincial rights

I believe the answer is: Confederation

Confederation inherently consist of different oganizations who decided to be a part of a certain alliance in order to fight for a certain things that they need/wants. In united states, confederation among states was form once in order to fight for their rights to maintain slavery.

answer; ///i believe the correct answer is (b) the writing of the ancients who lived in india after the indus valley inhabitants died out;

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.