Which cause-and-effect relationship in "broken chain" best expresses the theme "outward appearances are important to people"? cause: alfonso butched his hair on top. effect: alfonso's father asks him if he has hurt his head. cause: alfonso sees his crooked teeth in the mirror. effect: he becomes depressed. cause: sandra looks at alfonso out of the corner of her eye. effect: alfonso looks away. cause: sandra is heavier than alfonso thought. effect: it is hard for him to steady the bike?

Most sociologists agree that: a. culture is central in shaping gender roles, but only in preliterate societies. b. biological factors have some influence, but cultural factors are more important determinants of gender roles. c. biological factors are influential in determining gender roles, but only in industrial or complex societies. d. biological factors only explain differences between men and women with regard to aggression and disease. e. there is no difference between the influences of culture or biology on the development of gender roles, as they are unpredictable.