Dr. jackson has spent a lifetime studying how adults solve problems. it is likely that dr. jackson specializes in the approach to psychology. evolutionary behavioral cognitive sociocultural

I believe the answer is: Cognitive

The cognitive approach of psychology focuses on how the thought that people have would affect their overall behaviour.  The thought process would influence whether people see their problems in positive or negative lights. People who see them in negative perspective, tend to adopt a defeatist behaviour and tend to choose to run away from their problems rather than facing it.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer; the above statement is (true);