After many media reports of aggressive behavior by parents and other adult spectators in the stands at canadian youth hockey games, psychologists used a method called naturalistic observation to study spectator behavior. using the naturalistic observation method means that:

I believe the answer is: naturalistic observation

naturalistic observation refers to a research method that conducted by observing the subjects in their natural environment, without adding any controlled variables. If we use spectators of a game as subjects, their natural environment would be the stadium when a match is occurring.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.