In pavlov's study, when the tone was first introduced to the dog, the dog engaged in a. an orienting reflex. b. an unconditioned response. c. habituation. d. a conditioned response.

The correct answer is d. A conditioned response.

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian scientist interested in studying how digestion works in mammals. According to Pavlov, the dogs were demonstrating a conditioned response. He explained it like this: there's a neutral stimulus (the bell), which by itself will not produce a response, like salivation. There's also a non-neutral or unconditioned stimulus (the food), which will produce an unconditioned response (salivation).

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