How did the renaissance affect independent monarchs? it increased their power. it sparked a movement to outlaw these marches. it sparked a movement to make all monarchs independent. it decreased their power.

The answer is: It increased their power a great deal

At that time, the current king that ruled over their country never took care of the well being of his citizens. After the renaissance movement, many small independent monarch started to gained power and popularity among the people since they implemented a good welfare system for common citizens.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

can you explain a little further maybe give multiple choice? ?