Aminor violation of a state statute or local ordinance punishable by a fine or other penalty, or by a specified, usually very short term of incarceration, is called a(n)

I believe the answer is: |nfraction

Criminal acts that categorized as infraction usually only consist of petty violations (such as parking your car where it's not supposed to, violating traffic signs, etc). The punishment for infraction usually limited to small amount of fine or suspended liscense.

the correct answer is individualism and exchange. at this stage, children begin to question the rules, because they can see that there is more than one side to them. different individuals have different viewpoints. they won't be able to reach this stage because of ignorance, a lack of ethics or personal biases. that is because people with that characteristiscs are not able to distinguish what is good or what is bad and they can't pursue their individual interests.