Does madison have an optimistic or pessimistic view of human nature? how did this viewpoint impact the drafting of the constitution?

Madison had a pessimistic view on human nature. He believed that people are inherently driven by self-interest. In his view, if humans were good, then government would not even be necessary. Given that people were naturally self-interested, Madison considered it necessary to reflect this in government.

His view impacted the drafting of the Constitution given that it included principles that were aimed at mitigating against the self-interested nature of humans. This include the principles of  Separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism aimed at ensuring that there was no single center of power.

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