The american system of criminal justice is rooted in the english common law, but the specifics of criminal procedure have evolved substantially from their rudimentary english origins. today, criminal cases are governed by complex procedural rules developed by courts based both on legislative enactments and judicial interpretation of relevant constitutional provisions. discuss how this has happen over the last 200 years and give examples.

Donald was arrested for murdering an acquaintance. at the trial, donald takes the stand and testifies that he and the victim knew each other. he admits that they would drink and use drugs together. one night while partying, donald explains in his testimony, an argument got out of hand during a card game. donald explains that the victim accused him of cheating and pulled out a knife on him and started swinging it in the air. donald said that he had no choice but to pull out his gun and shoot the victim. the jury convicted donald of manslaughter. who would argue that donald weighed the potential costs and benefits of shooting the victim and decided to pull the trigger as a result of free will? a. a rational choice theorist b. a critical criminologist c. a conflict theorist d. a positivist