Arecent newspaper headline reads "teenagers use more drugs if their friends use drugs." it implies that hanging out with drug-abusing friends can cause subsequent drug use disorder. the major problem with this assumption is that it assumes the direction of alternately, perhaps teenagers who are using drugs may select friends who also use drugs.

I believe the answer is: causality.

The initial assumption above  is that a teenager who use drugs would most likely influence other non-users to use drug. There is nothing from the finding that disprove otherwise. So, when user hang out with non-users, there is a pretty good chance that the non-users could influence the users to stop consuming the drug.

"social stratification refers to the way people are ranked and ordered in society. in western societies, stratification is primarily seen and understood as a result of socioeconomic status, which produces a hierarchy in which access to resources, and possession of them, increases from the lower to the upper strata"

1. senate

2.there is no diagram

3.education