Young matthew, only 2 years of age, is learning to use the toilet. first his mother gives him smiles and hugs when he walks into the bathroom. then his father gives him songs and praise when he points to the potty. when he agrees to sit on his potty seat his parents sing and dance, making him smile and laugh. finally, when he begins to actually use the potty, his parents give him some candy that he loves. matthew is being taught to use the potty through the process of a. shaping.

Matthew is being taught to use the potty through the process of "shaping."

Shaping is the way toward reinforcing progressively ever nearer approximations to a coveted terminal conduct. The shaping of conduct begins at an early age. For instance, a youngster figures out how to pull itself up, to remain, to walk and to at last move about through fortification of somewhat extraordinary cases of practices. Strolling doesn't really fall into place for a kid, yet through inconspicuous fortifications of having the capacity to achieve a toy or move all the more freely, the kid's conduct is shaped.

answer: ‘no one should be discriminated against because he or she is not from a minority group’

because—> affirmative action means ‘a policy or program that provides opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups to them overcome the effects of discrimination’