Tolman demonstrated that rats can learn to run a maze correctly even though they were never reinforced for successfully running through it. this demonstrated that the rats called on their to them reach the end of the maze more quickly.

This demonstrated that the rats called on their "latent learning " to help them reach the end of the maze more quickly.

Tolman built up a cognitive perspective of discovering that has turned out to be well known in current psychology. Tolman likewise worked on latent learning, characterized as realizing which isn't clear in the student's conduct at the season of adapting, however which shows later when an appropriate inspiration and conditions show up. The idea of latent learning was not unique to Tolman, but rather he created it further.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.