In the federal system, counties are major units of local government that
a. comprise the third level of government.
b. are on the same level of government as the states.
c. share some powers with the national government and the states.
d. are subordinate to state government.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answerresidual deviance;