Which of the following is a characteristic shared by both brazil and mexico?
a. a prime minister is the head of government.
b. corruption and high crime rates are a serious challenge.
c. there is no freedom of religion or freedom of speech.
d. citizens first get the right to vote at age 21.

The correct answer is B. A characteristic shared by both Brazil and Mexico is that corruption and high crime rates are a serious challenge.

Explanation:

Most of the Latin American states seem to combine their state flaws in the management of security and social justice, with their punitive presences through corrupt police associated with organized crime.

Brazil and Mexico are the two most populous countries in Latin America, and also the most unequal. In Rio de Janeiro, homicide rates in poor areas are three or four times higher than in the middle or upper middle class. In turn, 41% of the victims of homicides in Mexico City are workers. This shows us that the great poverty that ravages these countries is a determining factor in the high rate of crime they have.

Corruption among police forces in Latin America, the impunity with which they exercise extralegal violence and the fact that they do not have defined borders with organized crime (mainly drug trafficking), often make them one of the factors of public insecurity and on enemies of the population. Military police in Rio de Janeiro have been involved in massacres of favelas and street children, as well as other police forces have organized the famous death squads that have been associated with drug trafficking.

In Mexico, municipal and state judicial police accumulate 55% of national complaints of human rights violations. Among the complaints filed before the Human Rights Commission of the Federal District, between 1993 and 1997, 95% had to do with anomalies and crimes committed by the judicial and police authorities. It should be added that corruption essentially benefits the high police commanders, as the middle officers and the troops frequently complain about low salaries and poor equipment.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.