4. Elements of design (one-tailed or two tailed test; one-sample or two-sample, experiment or correlational study)?

Number 3 is the logical, go-to answer for the classical school of thought as they strongly believe that an individual commits a crime of their own free will and fully understands the  consequences, making them liable to whatever punishment is dealt to them. 

The answer is a or b

Iwas in a argument about a certain class grade with my teacher. it was a ‘a-’when i felt that i deserved a ‘a’. i showed him (my teacher) why i felt i derserved so. i questioned what i got wrong and showed him what i learned. i look back to that teacher with nothing but love and support because that’s the class that i actually learned the most. the moral of the story is to see where the other person is coming from and what they have done. also, when in a conflict, never attack the persons character. this will just make the argument end poorly.