Explain how a credit card works when a customer makes a purchase

Each month, the credit card issuer sends a bill for the charges you made during the month If you choose to pay only a portion of the charges you pay interest on the amount you don't pay. The credit card issuer uses the money and interest you pay to merchants as new transactions are made.

Number 3 is the logical, go-to answer for the classical school of thought as they strongly believe that an individual commits a crime of their own free will and fully understands the  consequences, making them liable to whatever punishment is dealt to them. 

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