How do paved parking lots and roads with concrete or asphalt affect water flow on the land?

On the regular ground, water usually seeps in to the soil, which has a number of benefits for the wildlife in that area. However, with asphalt and concrete, there is no soft and absorbent soil to take in the water, so it just keeps flowing down to the lowest part of land it can. Additionally, some water runoff can carry fertilizer and other harmful chemicals with it in to the oceans and lakes it’s dumped in, which harms the ecosystem in them as well.

The answer is b.the gaseous state is electrically positive, while the plasma state is electrically negative.