What is a device commonly used to detect the presence of a static electric charge compass voltmeter electrophoresis or galvanometer

None of those choices is a device commonly used to detect
the presence of a static electric charge.  One of them is a
process or technique, and is not even a 'device'.
A couple of them might be jerry-rigged to detect charge, but
that is not their intended purpose or design, and it would take
some ingenuity.  They're certainly not "commonly used" in that
application.

-- Compass . . . a device that detects the presence of a magnetic
                         field and displays its direction.

-- Voltmeter . . . a device that displays the presence and measures
                         the magnitude and direction of electric potential
                         difference between two points.

-- Electrophoresis . . . a method of separating macro molecules
                                   according to their size.

-- Galvanometer . . . a device used to detect the presence and
                                 measure the magnitude and direction of
                                 small electric currents.

Magma  is composed of molten rock and is  stored  in the earth's crust. lava is  magma  that reaches the surface of our planet through a volcano vent.

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