The rate of doing work is called
power
force
energy
inertia

atomic = no of protons.

mass number-atomic number = neutron number

when insulating materials rub against each other, they may become electrically charged . electrons , which are negatively charged, may be 'rubbed off' one material and on to the other. the material that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. the material that loses electrons is left with a positive charge.