Which of the following values represents an index of refraction of an actual material?
a. 0
b. 1 / 4
c. 5 / 4
d. 1 / 2

The nuclear potential that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is often approximated by a square well. imagine a proton conned in an innite square well of length 105 nm, a typical nuclear diameter. calculate the wavelength and energy associated with the photon that is emitted when the proton undergoes a transition from the rst excited state (n 2) to the ground state (n 1). in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this wavelength belong?