How an elastic material can no longer be elastic but plastic instead?

In 1980, alfa romeo introduced the first system to smooth a rough idle caused by ignition and camshaft timing changes.

Write the function getkthdigit(n, k) that takes a possibly-negative int n and a non-negative int k, and returns the kth digit of n, starting from 0, counting from the right

Consider a 1000 w iron whose base plate is made of 0.5 cm thick aluminum alloy 2024-t6 (ρ = 2770 kg/m3 and cp = 875 j/kg°c). the base plate has a surface area of 0.03 m2. initially, the iron is in thermal equilibrium with the ambient air at 22°c. assuming 90% of the heat generated in the resistance wires is transferred to the plate, determine the minimum time needed for the plate temperature to reach 200°c.