Which waves cause the medium to vibrate only in a direction parrallel?

What is the thinnest soap film (excluding the case of zero thickness) that appears black when illuminated with light with a wavelength of 480 ? the index of refraction of the film is 1.34, and there is air on both sides of the film. express your answer in nanometers. hint 1. how to approach th

Ametal ring 4.20 cm in diameter is placed between the north and south poles of large magnets with the plane of its area perpendicular to the magnetic field. these magnets produce an initial uniform field of 1.12 t between them but are gradually pulled apart, causing this field to remain uniform but decrease steadily at 0.240 t/s . (a) what is the magnitude of the electric field induced in the ring? (b) in which direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) does the current flow as viewed by someone on the south pole of the magnet?

Aphase diagram assumes is kept constant.