You throw a ball straight up at 45 m/s. how many seconds elapse before it is traveling downward at 9 m/s?

In order to change from 45 m/s up to 9 m/s down, the velocity
of the ball has to change by (45+9)= 54 m/s downward.

Gravity adds 9.8 m/s of downward speed to any falling object
every second.

So the change takes  (54/9.8)  =  5.5 seconds .

The horse latitudes-high-pressure zones about 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south of the equator.-warm air traveling away from the equator cools and sinks-weather tends to be clear and drythe doldrums-low-pressure near equator-air rises and spreads out toward the poles-rising moist air produces clouds and heavy rainthe westerlies-blow from the west-move from the horse latitudes toward the poles.-bring storms across much of the united statesthe tradewinds-blow from the east-move from the horse latitudes toward the equator  -strong, steady winds

Answer: fn = wcos50 = 38.89(9.81)(cos50) = 245.23 n