Which law of motion accounts for the following statement? "the gravity of the sun causes the planets to move in a circular path."

The law that accounts for that exact statement is the law that says that
most people don't understand these things very well.

A better statement is:
"The gravitational forces between the Sun and each planet cause each planet
to move in an elliptical path."

The laws that account for that behavior are:

-- Newton's second law of motion: (Force) = (mass) x (acceleration)

-- Newton's law of universal gravity

If there was no gravity then their would be no downword force on the football to have it return the the grownd, and if there was no friction (mainly air friction) then there would be no opposing force the stop the ball from moving through the air allowing the ball to travle ∞.