Why does light refract when it encounters the glass in the lens

Aquarterback pedals 3.3meters southward and then run 5.7meters northward. whats the distance ? and whats the displacement?

What are the factors that affect the resistance of a wire?

Engineers find a new metal that is stronger than steel but much lighter. this material is also significantly cheaper than what is currently used for most aircraft, available in large quantities, and easy to manufacture. the engineers are excited because this new material will lower the costs of buying and operating airplanes for companies. what is probably the best step for the engineers to make next?