What would be the result if earth's unique atmosphere did not exist?

The freezing and boiling point of a substance changes as the air pressure around it changes. for example, at a lower air pressure (higher altitude) it is easier for water molecules to escape from liquid into the air. in a high altitude city such as denver, colorado compared to a sea-level city such as houston, texas, water

Abumper car with a mass of 250 kg is traveling at a speed of 4 m/s. this bumper car collides and sticks to a second bumper car with a mass of 250 kg, which is initially at rest. what is the final speed of these two bumper cars after the collision, assuming they remain stuck together?

In which of these cases are the two wave points considered to be in phase with each other?