A boat is using echo-sounding equipment to measure the depth of the water underneath it, as illustrated in the first diagram. The equipment in the boat sends a short pulse of sound downwards and detects the echo after a time interval of 0.80s. i Describe how an echo is caused. ii The speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s. Calculate the distance travelled (in metres) by the sound in 0.80 s.

Explanation:

Echo is caused by sound energy reflecting off of "hard" surfaces. It could be as simple as a change in density of the material the sound is traveling through.

In 0.8 s, the sound has traveled 0.8(1500) = 1200 m.

That means the object that reflected the sound is 600 m below the boat. The sound took 0.4 s to reach the object and another 0.4 s to return the echo.

the answer would be a

  distance on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.

explanation:

the instantaneous velocity = change in position/time taken

the slope of the graph should give instantaneous velocity.

  slope of a graph = change in value of y -axis / change in values of x -axis

  comparing both the equations

    change in value of y -axis = change in position

  change in values of x -axis = time taken

so position values should be on the y axis and time values should be on the x axis.

distance on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.