Chiếu tia sáng vuông góc với bề mặt gương. Tính góc tới và góc phản xạ

Vì khi chiếu tia tới vuông góc một mặt phẳng gương, tia tới trùng với pháp tuyển, góc tới bằng góc phản xạ bằng 0.

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.