According to Copernicus, retrograde motion for Venus must occur around : a. greatest elongation, when the planet is farthest from the Sun.
b. inferior conjunction, when it passes between us and the Sun.
c. superior conjunction, when the planet is on the far side of the Sun.
d. opposition, when the planet lies opposite the Sun in the sky.
e. quadrature, when the planet is 90 degrees away from the Sun.

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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get the total number of pieces of fruit and divide it by 4 to get the average. the result is the answer to the problem. 14 total number of fruits and there are 4 members. 14 divided by 4 is equals to 3.5.

it's a b and