What possible scientific applications are there for determining the chemical composition of materials using spectral information?

Each element absorbs light at specific wavelengths unique to that atom. When astronomers look at an object's spectrum, they can determine its composition based on these wavelengths. The most common method astronomers use to determine the composition of stars, planets, and other objects is spectroscopy.

Explanation:

Hope this helps maybe...

force required to detach it is given by

charges are taken to be fundamental charge

now we have

so above is the minimum distance at which it will detach