a sedimentary basin that forms when continental lithosphere is stretched, causing down-dropped crustal blocks bordered by narrow mountain ranges and alluvial fans, is called

When seismic waves hit a fault, the waves are reflected off the fault. seismograph can detect these reflected seismic waves. geologists then use these data to map the fault's length and depth

Iwould think it is temperature, silica, oxides (gases)

The force is push or pull