The index of refraction for a vacuum is 1.00000. The index of refraction for air is 1.00029. 1) Determine the ratio of time required for light to travel through 1000 m of air to the time required for light to travel through 1000 m of vacuum. (Express your answer to six significant figures.)

  = 1.00029

Explanation:

The refractive index is defined

         n = c / v

         v = c / n

the speed of light per se wave is constant, so we can use the relations of uniform motion

         v = x / t

         t = x / v

we substitute

         t = x n / c

let's calculate the time

vacuum

        t₁ = 1000 1/3 10⁸

        t₁ = 3.333333 10⁻⁶ s

air

        t₂ = 1000 1.00029 / 3 10⁸

        t2 = 3.3343 10⁻⁶ s

the relationship between these times is

       t₂ / t₁ = 3.3343 / 3.3333333

       t₂ / t₁ = 1.00029

answer: d. a cme increases the amount of energy in the solar wind

explanation:

coronal mass ejections, also called cmes, are large clouds of plasma and magnetic field that erupt from the sun. only when the cloud is aimed at earth will the cme hit earth and therefore cause impacts. high-speed solar wind streams come from areas on the sun known as coronal holes.

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