Chứng tỏ rằng các trường véc tơ sau là trường thế và tính Z C
F · dR theo
đường cong trơn từng khúc nào đó nối A(10, −1), B(0, −1, 1).
a. F(x, y, z) = hsin z, −z sin yx cos z + cos yi
b. F(x, y, z) = h3x
2
y
2
z, 2x
3
yz, x3
y
2 − e
−z
i

The modern-day generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered by michael faraday in 1831-32. faraday discovered that the above flow of electric charges could be induced by moving an electrical conductor, such as a wire that contains electric charges, in a magnetic field.

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.

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