Write the equation which links gravitational field strength, gravitational potential energy, height and mass

Can anybody me with this? ? (picture included.)

The pressure proportional to the area a- inversely b- directly c- increase d-decrease

What conclusion can be made based on the temperature of soil when the light hits the soil at 0°, 45°, and 90° angles in section 2 of the experiment? did your results support your hypothesis? why or why not?