A laser beam enters one of the sloping faces of the equilateral glass prism (n=1.42) and refracts through the prism. Within the prism the light travels horizontally. What is the angle between the direction of the incident ray and the direction of the outgoing ray?

30.5°

Explanation:

Since the light travels horizontally through the prism, it undergoes minimum deviation. So, the angle between the direction of the incident ray and that of the outgoing ray D is gotten from

n = [sin(D + α)/2]/sin(α/2) where n = refractive index of prism = 1.42 and α = angle of prism = 60° (since it is a n equilateral glass prism).

Making D subject of the formula, we have

n = [sin(D + α)/2]/sin(α/2)

nsin(α/2) = [sin(D + α)/2]

(D + α)/2 = sin⁻¹[nsin(α/2)]

D + α = 2sin⁻¹[nsin(α/2)]

D = 2sin⁻¹[nsin(α/2)] - α

So, substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

D = 2sin⁻¹[nsin(α/2)] - α

D = 2sin⁻¹[1.42sin(60°/2)] - 60°

D = 2sin⁻¹[1.42sin(30°)] - 60°

D = 2sin⁻¹[1.42 × 0.5] - 60°

D = 2sin⁻¹[0.71] - 60°

D = 2(45.23°) - 60°

D = 90.46° - 60°

D = 30.46°

D ≅ 30.5°

the pull of gravity on the rocket decreases

probably not if net force is zero