Two electrons in adjacent atomic shells are separated by a distance of 6.64 ✕ 10−11 m. (a) What is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between the electrons? N (b) What is the ratio of the electrostatic force to the gravitational force between the electrons? FE FG =

The ratio of the electrostatic force to the gravitational force between the electrons is 4.181 x 10⁴²

Explanation:

Given;

charge of electron, Q = 1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹ C

mass of an electron, m = 9.1 x 10⁻³¹ kg

distance between the two electrons, r = 6.64 x 10⁻¹¹ m

The electrostatic force between the electrons is calculated using Coulomb's law;

The gravitaional force between the electrons is calculated as;

The ratio of the electrostatic force to the gravitational force between the electrons;

the temperature and the pressure affect solubility. temperature affects by changing the properties of the solvent. the increase in pressure increases solubility, the decrease in pressure decreases solubility.

real, smaller and upside-down.   so the answer should be b.