The energy that reaches Earth from space can be harmful to humans. One such type of energy, in excess
can even cause cancer. Which type of energy, in excess, can cause cancer in humans?

Hey

Your answer would be harmful radiation from the sun, and also cosmic rays.

When harmful gamma and x rays* from the sun come near your DNA, they sometimes break it. this can cause cancer. This is also caused by Cosmic rays** which come from supper novas or other types of explosions.

*ᵀʰᵉ ˢᵘⁿ ʸᵒᵘ ᵐᵃʸ ⁿᵒᵗ ʰᵃᵛᵉ ᵏⁿᵒʷⁿ ᵖʳᵒᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃˡˡ ᵗʰᵉ ᶠʳᵉᑫᵘᵉⁿᶜᶦᵉˢ ᵒᶠ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ, ʷʰᶦᶜʰ ᶦⁿᶜˡᵘᵈᵉˢ ʳᵃᵈᶦᵒ ʷᵃᵛᵉˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵍᵃᵐᵐᵃ ʳᵃʸˢ ᵃˢ ʷᵉˡˡ. ᵀʰᵉⁿ ʸᵒᵘ ᵃˢᵏ ᵐᵉ "ʷʰʸ ᶦˢ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵘⁿ ʸᵉˡˡᵒʷ ᶦᶠ ᶦᵗ ᵖʳᵒᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃˡˡ ᶠʳᵉᑫᵘᵉⁿᶜᶦᵉˢ ᵒᶠ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ?" ᵗʰᵉ ʳᵉᵃˢᵒⁿ ʷʰʸ ᶦˢ ᵇᵉᶜᵃᵘˢᵉ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵒᶠ ᶦᵗˢ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ᶦˢ ʸᵉˡˡᵒʷ ᵇᵘᵗ ˢᵐᵃˡˡ ᶠʳᵃᶜᵗᶦᵒⁿˢ ᵃʳᵉ ᵃˡˡ ᵗʰᵉ ᵒᵗʰᵉʳ ᶠʳᵉᑫᵘᵉⁿᶜᶦᵉˢ.

**ᶜᵒˢᵐᶦᶜ ʳᵃʸˢ ᶜᵒᵐᵉ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᵐᵃⁿʸ ᵈᶦᶠᶠᵉʳᵉⁿᵗ ᵗʸᵖᵉˢ ᵒᶠ ᵉˣᵖˡᵒˢᶦᵒⁿˢ, ᵗʰᵃᵗ ᶦⁿᶜˡᵘᵈᵉˢ ˢᵘᵖᵉʳⁿᵒᵛᵃˢ ⁽ʷʰᵉⁿ ᵃ ˢᵗᵃʳ ³⁰ ᵗᶦᵐᵉˢ ᵇᶦᵍᵍᵉʳ ᵗʰᵃⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵘⁿ ᵍᵉᵗˢ ᵒˡᵈ ᶦᵗ ᶜᵒˡˡᵃᵖˢᵉˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉⁿ ᵉˣᵖˡᵒᵈᵉˢ ᵈᵘᵉ ᵗᵒ ᵐᵃˢˢᶦᵛᵉ ᵖʳᵉˢˢᵘʳᵉ⁾. ᶜᵒˢᵐᶦᶜ ʳᵃʸˢ ᵃˡˢᵒ ᶜᵒᵐᵉ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᵗʸᵖᵉ ¹ᴬ ˢᵘᵖᵉʳⁿᵒᵛᵃˢ. ᵃ ᵗʸᵖᵉ ¹ᴬ ˢᵘᵖᵖᵉʳ ⁿᵒᵛᵃ ᵒᶜᵉʳˢ ʷʰᵉⁿ ᵃ ʷʰᶦᵗᵉ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ ʳᵉᵃᶜʰᵉˢ ᵃᵇᵒᵘᵗ ³ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ᵐᵃˢˢᵉˢ. ᵗʰᵉ ᵖʳᵉˢˢᵘʳᵉ ʰᵒˡᵈᶦⁿᵍ ᶦᵗ ᵘᵖ ᶠᵃᶦˡˢ ᵈᵘᵉ ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ᵐᵃˢˢᶦᵛᵉ ᵍʳᵃᵛᶦᵗᵃᵗᶦᵒⁿᵃˡ ˢᵗʳᵉⁿᵍᵗʰ. ᶦᵗ ᵉˣᵖˡᵒᵈᵉˢ ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢⁿᶦⁿᵍ ᵐᵃⁿʸ ᵈᶦᶠᶠᵉʳᵉⁿᵗ ᶠʳᵉᑫᵘᵉⁿᶜᶦᵉˢ ᵒᶠ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʷʰᶦᶜʰ ᶜᵃⁿ ᵇᵉ ʰᵃʳᵐᶠᵘˡ.

d) the number of neutrons plus the number of protons

russian is not my first language, so i'm afraid i can't write out an answer in russian, but hopefully you can find a way to do so. here's my best translation of the problem: you're given a plot of a particle's position in one-dimensional space over time, and you're asked to find either the total distance traveled by the particle after 6 seconds had elapsed, or the total displacement of the particle after 6 seconds.

if you want the total distance traveled, you would first need to determine the particle's velocity as a function of time, then integrate that over the 6-second interval. we know the position function is quadratic with roots at 0 and 6, so we have

where is unknown. because the position is parabolic, there is symmetry about the midpoint at , and we know that

so that the position function is

which means the velocity is

then the total distance traveled is

so the total distance traveled is 20 m.

on the other hand, if you want to find displacement: the particle starts at and ends at , so its displacement is 0.