A battery has an EMF of 12 Volts, internal resistance of 0.5 Ohms, and its terminal voltage is measured to be 13 Volts. The battery is and has a current of Amps passing through.

The battery is charging and has a current of 2Amps passing through.

Explanation:

Given;

EMF of the battery, E = 12 V

internal resistance, r = 0.5 ohms

terminal voltage of the battery, ΔV = 13 volts

When the terminal voltage is greater than the EMF of the battery, the battery is being charged, allowing currents to pass in a reverse direction.

ΔV = E - Ir

ΔV - E = -Ir

13 - 12 = -0.5I

1 = -0.5I

I = 1 / -0.5

I = -2 A

The negative sign indicates the reverse direction of the current.

Therefore, the battery is charging and has a current of 2Amps passing through.

b

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