What do scientist study since direct observations are not possible?

Definitely the indoraptor

the best answer for these questions would be:

1.            c. is smaller

2.            d) concrete operational

3.            b) interaction with the environment – the children interact with their environment can them learn more.

4.            a) parents who reason openly with children can limit a child’s cognitive ability.

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.